TPM modules

What is TPM?

Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a security-focused microchip that provides hardware-based security for computers and other electronic devices. TPM is designed to store encryption keys, certificates, and other sensitive data separate from the operating system and user files, offering additional protection against various cybersecurity threats.

Operation of TPM Modules

The TPM module is an integrated circuit that serves as a secure storage location for cryptographic keys and other security information. Its key features include:

• Creation and Storage of Encryption Keys: TPM can create encryption keys directly in the module and store them securely so that they are not accessible to outsiders.
• Digital Signature: TPM can use stored private keys to create digital signatures, ensuring data integrity and authenticity.
• Startup Process Integrity Check: TPM modules can ensure that the computer's startup process is secure and that the operating system has not been tampered with.

TPM modules are used, among other things, to ensure hardware integrity, unlock encrypted computer locks, and securely store digital certificates.

Purposes

TPM modules are versatile and used in various security-related tasks:

• Operating System Password Storage: TPM can securely store passwords and keys used for decrypting the operating system.
• Hardware Integrity Check: During startup, TPM can check that the hardware firmware and other critical components have not changed.
• Storage of VPN and Wi-Fi Keys: A secure way to store encryption keys for network connections.
• Digital Signature for Documents and Emails: TPM can be used to verify digital identity.

TPM vs. HSM

Although TPM and HSM both provide security solutions for key management, they have clear differences in their usage and functionality.

• Purpose: TPM is designed to provide security features directly to a computer or other device, while HSM is a separate, often external device that provides security services on a larger scale, such as in data centers or cloud services.
• Versatility: HSM devices are typically more versatile and can be used to perform a greater number and variety of cryptographic operations. They are also more scalable in handling large amounts of data.
• Physical Security: HSMs provide a higher level of security against physical attacks, while TPM is a fixed part of the device and offers basic protection.
• Cost: TPM modules are generally cheaper and standard equipment in most modern computers, while HSM devices are more expensive and are specifically used in enterprise environments.